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Earth Hour 2011, much more than an hour

There is very little to Earth Hour 2011. Tomorrow, millions of people from all continents turn off their lights from 20.30 to 21.30 (local time for each country) in what is, according to WWF, "the biggest global mobilization campaign to combat climate change." What began four years ago in Sydney at the initiative of WWF Australia and a local newspaper has become a big thing: the year past were 4,500 cities in 128 countries that joined this event, and went out as emblematic monuments like the Eiffel Tower or the Alhambra. This year the international environmental organization is again expected to break all the records, and Spain look set to achieve, today has announced that 49 of the 50 provincial capitals and are aimed at global blackout, and many companies and institutions have joined the initiative.

Photo

Earth Hour at the Retreat in 2010. WWF.

Does anything turn out the lights for one hour? As some blogs point in from the point of view of energy saving Earth Hour can be even counterproductive. But the real purpose of this symbolic action to combat climate change is not to save energy for an hour, but to achieve a global commitment to change for the Environment. That's why the theme chosen by WWF this year is "much more than an hour, and that's why this year's logo features a positive sign: 60 +.

On the Web you have created WWF Spain for the occasion, we invite you to join "the commitment of small gestures for a better world" by choosing three actions to do at home, at work and every day and help the planet to fight climate change: use only light bulbs, no waste water, plant a tree, ride a bike and walk more ... The message is clear, is that to combat climate change climate we need to invest in the savings and energy efficiency and promote a sustainable lifestyle.

If you do not know what to do with the lights off for an hour, a good option may be to pass by the WWF many activities scheduled for tomorrow afternoon nationwide. Held in Madrid, as every year, the Puerta de Alcalá, and there will be a popular race, music concerts by the Metro and batucada to conclude the festival on the planet.

Of all the spots that have been made this year, I leave that I think the best. Simply brilliant.

Do not you forget it ... Morning from 20.30 to 21.30 and turn the light off the planet. Join!

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The military use plan is approved Cabrera environmental rejection

Plan Military Uses National Maritime-Terrestrial Park of Cabrera, which allows military maneuvers in the Balearic Islands, was approved last March 18th by the National Park Board with the only opposition GOB and Greenpeace. Environmental organizations (Friends of the Earth , Ecologists in Action, Greenpeace Spain, Baleares GOB, SEO / Birdlife and WWF Spain) disagreed with this plan that considered "unnecessary" because "would negative impacts on an area of \u200b\u200bhigh ecological value. " For environmentalists, the maximum figure of environmental protection granted to a territory by the legal system, the National Park " is incompatible with the holding of military maneuvers. "

diariodeunturista.com

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Conditions of Use Archipelago Cabrera by the Army were to be determined from the National Park was established in 1991. The Master Plan Use and Management (PRUG) Cabrera for the 2006-2012 period stated that "in accordance with the provisions of the Act creating the National Park, it is necessary to develop a plan that reconciles the military uses activity of this ministry with the criteria and objectives of the National Park. " This will give a maximum of one year, but eventually had to wait four years to be ready for military use plan, a delay that environmental organizations is an indication that the plan is neither urgent nor necessary .

For his part, President of the Board of Cabrera, Albert Catalan told Diario de Mallorca that "has sought to formalize an application that had already been going on for 1991. In the approved plan gives priority to conservation and preservation of biodiversity in the archipelago over any other consideration, unless extreme circumstances of national security. "

The president of the National Park Board also outlined the conditions imposed the newly adopted Plan: "There may be no military exercises with live ammunition or blank ammunition. Can not access the reservation areas bounded for research projects as well as restricted use. Nor can perform underwater activities outside the points for them. Also, if trying to land maneuvers, they must meet the routes marked and never exceed the presence of more than three hundred people simultaneously in the natural environment in a single day. "

Para Catalán, "no hay que olvidar que Cabrera es propiedad del ministerio de Defensa y que desde su declaración como parque nacional, en 1991, no ha habido ningún problema con la presencia militar en el archipiélago".

El GOB ( Grup Balear d'Ornitologia i Defensa de la Naturalesa) coincide con el presidente del Patronato del Parque Nacional en que “en estos momentos la presencia de personal militar, que se ha ido reduciendo progresivamente desde 1991, no tiene una incidencia negativa en la gestión del espacio ni en la consecución de sus objetivos de conservación y uso público.”  

Sin embargo, el GOB denuncia que con el Plan aprobado por el Patronato “se abre la puerta a un escenario muy distinto, con maniobras de hasta 300 militares.”“Este tipo de ejercicios no deberían tener lugar dentro de un espacio protegido del más alto nivel, como es el Parque Nacional de Cabrera. Existen muchas localizaciones alternativas para que el ejército pueda realizar ejercicios de adiestramiento sin tener que recurrir a un espacio de la máxima ecological importance and significant public use " demands the Balearic conservation organization.

Previously used as a base of operations and target shooting by the army, the National Park of Cabrera Archipelago was created in 1991 and is considered the best example of island ecosystems undisturbed in the Mediterranean country. The park houses a major natural wealth includes one of the best preserved seabed of the English coast, together with endemic species and large colonies of seabirds, some endangered, as Gull Audouin .


---
Looking for information on the subject I have found a story he wrote Benigno Rods in the country on progress in the protection of Cabrera Archipelago. The news is in 1986, five years before it was declared National Park. Provides very interesting data on the military use made of the Archipelago: "The report calls for scientists to be declared Cabrera Terrestrial and Marine National Park."

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The history of bottled water

To finish this World Water Day, I wanted to share a video here of the magnificent series of Annie Leonard, History of Stuff, that despite having a year is still fully present. In 'History Bottled water 'Annie tells the serious environmental and social damage that is producing bottled water: oil used in the production and distribution of the bottles, the millions of tons of these containers which are dumped into landfills every year ... I leave with her that I will explain it better.



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Building World Water Day, the Centre Sustainability in Spain (OSE) today issued a press release saying that "drinking water quality is not necessarily the best is in a bottle."

The high demand for bottled water is a threat to sustainability. In contrast to tap water is distributed through an efficient infrastructure in terms of energy, transport bottled water long distances involves burning fossil fuels and significantly increases emissions of carbon dioxide generation unnecessary packaging.

is important to note that a better drinking water quality is not necessarily a bottle. The general belief is that bottled water is better than tap, and a proof of this is that consumers prefer to pay much more for bottled water than tap water. However, it is important to note that the difference in price between tap water and bottled water is not due to water quality, but the processes of production and bottling, transportation, marketing, etc..

Lighter ... -----


Today hastag # dmagua TT has become in Spain, ie the time issue twitter. My congratulations to the promoters of the initiative Natured, and keep talking about the environment social networking!

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The example of Madrid and golf in the World Water Day

The World Water Day is celebrated March 23 since 1993, sponsored by the United Nations Program for Environment. The purpose of this day is to call attention to the vital importance of this resource and the need to preserve and sustainably manage the planet's water reserves. Every year this day is dedicated to a particular theme: if last year was "Clean Water for a Healthy World 'in 2011 is" \u200b\u200bWater for cities: responding to the urban challenge. " This topic was chosen in order "to focus the international impact of rapid urban population growth, industrialization and the uncertainty caused by climate change, conflict and natural disasters on urban systems of water supply. "

Water is good most basic of all, essential to life, but limited access to billions of people around the world: 46% of the world population lacks access to running water or drinking. Additionally, this problem will worsen in coming years due to climate change and population growth: an estimated 1,800 million people live in areas with severe shortages Water for the year 2025.

In our country, water allocation has long been a pressing problem that has caused many conflicts, as the battle for the National Hydrological Plan. Although we know that water is a scarce commodity, and that it will be even more in coming years, it seems that many are determined to maintain an outdated mentality and extremely environmentally irresponsible. Esperanza Aguirre is one of them.

Esperanza Aguirre practicing his swing. Photo of Luis Sevillano, El País.

president of the Community of Madrid opened yesterday in Alcalá de Henares Golf Course El Encino, which will, in Aguirre's own words, "a reference to all golfers." Mala reference if we consider that is used by Ecologists in Action Supreme Court, which has not yet ruled on its legality. In addition, the environmental organization takes time claiming that the golf course is irrigated with potable water , "which is a plus for a project unsustainable wasteful economic and environmental resources."

But the bet of Hope Aguirre for golf is rotund. In fact, yesterday said that "The public authorities are required to advance the practice of golf" . It is what it is doing with the golf course project in Tres Cantos for the Ryder Cup, in a protected area of \u200b\u200bthe Natura 2000 network. The 32 fields that already exist in Madrid seem clearly inadequate for her.

The World Water Day is impossible not to wonder how Esperanza Aguirre hopes to continue watering green both in regions such as Madrid, more and more densely populated and probably will suffer serious problems of supply in the coming years. Point us we really need the New Water Culture , putting the savings and sustainable management of this vital resource above economic interests of any kind.

---- A good plan for this World Water Day is passed by the House Lit from 11.00 to 14.30 hours to attend the conference they have organized to celebrate. First film will be screened Bollain 'Also the rain', then there will be a round-table conference on water supply in urban areas. Here you information.

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Climate change is a scientific reality for the GOP

The GOP climate denial, coupled with political control achieved after the last legislative elections, it becomes increasingly worrisome. Yesterday, the Energy Committee of the U.S. Congress, controlled by Republicans, voted a bill to prohibit the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases. Before the adoption of the bill, Republicans rejected block three amendments submitted by congressional Democrats asked to acknowledge in the text that climate change is a scientific reality. The same guys who want to teach creationism in schools Instead of the theory of evolution, yes, those same .

The amendments sought to include in the bill the findings of studies of the EPA on global warming. The first read (translations are mine) that "warming of the climate system is inequícovo, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air temperature and sea, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea \u200b\u200blevel. "

The second called for recognition that "public health of present generations are in danger and that the risk to public health of current and future generations will likely increase over time if greenhouse gases continue to accumulate in the atmosphere and result in even higher rates of climate change. "The third, also rejected, included a reference to anthropogenic global warming.

Project bill approved yesterday will prevent the EPA to regulate emissions of greenhouse gases from power plants and factories, as proposed by Barack Obama in 2009 . The EPA found that emissions of greenhouse gases were within its competence under the premise that threaten human health and the environment, but with this law, the Agency may not impose new regulations to control emissions. For the Republicans, new restrictions on emissions of greenhouse gases would increase the price of energy, the economy and stifle job creation complicate.

El Presidente Obama ya avisó de que vetaría cualquier iniciativa que intentara limitar la autoridad de la EPA, aunque no está muy claro lo que podrá hacer cuando la Propuesta de Ley se vote en el Congreso. De cualquier modo, es desolador comprobar cómo la postura del Partido Republicano frente al cambio climático no sólo no ha mejorado desde que Bush salió del poder, sino que se está radicalizando, seguramente por culpa de la creciente influencia de los ultras del Tea Party. Que la política climática de la mayor potencia del mundo esté influenciada por personajes tan ignorantes e irresponsables como los líderes del Tea Party asusta, y mucho. Estamos en un momento crítico en la combating climate change, and we can not afford to fall behind the United States.

--- Source: Huffington Post

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Reflections on the spot "Latin Kings / Queens Latin: Banda Movimento Sociale or Criminal?" People at the Ateneo de l'Eixample

This is an article reflection on a lecture held at the Ateneo de l'Eixample, the controversial title, it will about a year (sorry hookup now that I understand may be a little out of context after so long but I still found it interesting). I remember when this story was posted on Indymedia Barcelona (*)...

provoked a series of hysterical reactions of curious sea in my opinion based on the resulting generalizations of people who may have had a problem with people identified with the counterculture (of which do not exclude myself) without knowing the abstract leading to widespread visceral any negative experiences that anyone could live in phenomena that are complex and, therefore, a complex apprehension.

Moreover, I must also say that the other end was not for free sometimes in chat as part of the audience was, in my opinion, extremely idealistic about likely say "revolutionary" of these groups among which do not exclude, at times even the same speaker humbly recognizing that while their knowledge is more contextual, too, seemed mostly to the case of United States.

Well, nothing else, leave this text here attended one for those who want to read it.

On Friday 11 June 2010 a conference was held at the social center of Barcelona "Eixample Ateneo Popular" with the suggestive title "Latin Kings, Latin Queens: Social Movement and Banda Criminal? "By the American criminologist David Brotherton and organized by the groups' phone roig: creative and popular library (library project / editorial) and" Endavant "(organization of the extreme Catalan independence left). I have that suggestion because the title suggests the possibility of a meaningful analytical paradigm shift to focus on this social phenomenon in recent years has received no significant media attention, sometimes free of distortions stigmatizing. David Brotherton part of the idea that "Latin Kings / Queen" is actually a movement transnational social so it would fit into a new cross-border activity, characterized by processes that produce a break reterritorialization nation-state as a fundamental reference frame.

In this sense, the speaker spoke of how the Latin Kings and Queens are global, but are deeply rooted in social class neighborhood of the crack epidemic in the 80's when they emerged "bands" (in the language of the media) who defined themselves as "nations" with the following characteristics that differentiate them from other neighborhood youth added earlier: language more politicized, more community awareness, better organization, greater participation of women, rejection of territorialism and desegregation of "American Gulag" (as defined Brotherton). According to David Brotherton although the rate of annual homicides in the city was high, about 1500, there was no significant causality of this phenomenon in New York because there was not exactly a gang war unlike Chicago or LA These "nations" were organized rules for recovering the corners paramilitary drug traffickers, which seems to contradict somewhat the idea of \u200b\u200b"rejection of territorialism" raised before but I think you have to understand as a process of re-territorialization, that is, to give new meanings significant fixed territorial fluids (as noted by the British geographer Doreen Massey to overcome "essential opposition" between "space", more generally, fluid, and the "place" as more direct and fixed).

was also interesting Brotherton appreciation that it was to recover a "social order" in which they had been socialized parents of these kids but they with the collapse of the Keynesian state not they lived still being educated, through family, community values, they are trying to reconfigure a new and different situation. David Brotherton is located within the "cultural criminology" and critiques of the reverse flow "positive or orthodox criminology" that defines these groups as follows: a) young people are perceived by others as a distinct group within its neighborhood b) recognize themselves as a significant group, almost invariably with a group name c) have been involved in a sufficient number of criminal incidents to provoke a negative response from neighborhood residents and / or law enforcement .

The speaker absolutely rejects this definition and proposes another "is a group formed spontaneously in their origins and then integrated through conflict, the result is the development of a disorganized internal structure but corporation spirit, moral solidarity, group consciousness and attachment to a local territory "which draw them closer to new ways of organizing social movements network. Another example of a highly politicized origin of these groups gave Brotherton in the genesis of the 'Net Nation "since it was founded by Carlos Torres, a member of the Socialist Party National Puerto Rican, in fact the net greeting (two fingers crossed in a circle motion) means "the strong protect the weak" and "part of the people" and immediately below the fingers symbolize the "bugs" (collaborators of the "jailers "). It was an organization of prisoners for self-defense of prison officials. On the other hand, "King Blad, a Cuban immigrant in the U.S. (" boat people "), is the founder of the" Nation of the Almighty Latin King and Queen. "

We will present the main ideas of "cultural criminology" as described by the speaker whose analogies with theories of social movements are evident: a) adrenaline (against the dogma of rationalism, a criminology of emotions), b) the "soft city" (the quarters peripherals such as spaces away from the dominant social control in the city of architects, officials and urban planners), c) the policies of the resistance (cognitive liberation, the nation imagined, symbols that reflect the asymmetric power, the fight against neocolonialism), d) the "dangerous knowledge" (the "secret organization," the story the forgotten, vengeful acts of the state, narratives of the marginalized, the rejection of academics). It is clear that this analytical turn closely matches the postcolonial thought so there is a critique of Cartesian rationalism strict paradigm that hides the subjective emotions and peripheral narratives of African descent, mestizos, Indians etc., That these groups recover and adapt to current contexts.

Finally David Brotherton refers to the implementation of public policies regarding "Nations" in different contexts: on September 14, 2006 legalized in Catalunya integrated into the Federation of Latin American in Geneva on 21 September 2006 are certified by the Social Solidarity Minister Romano Prodi and Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic) work in public campaigns against AIDS and Dengue in the Guachupita neighborhoods and Cristo Rey. Brotherton said the state is working with them because the local population receives more sympathy to be a strong civil alienation from the state exemplified by the rejection of the implementation of public policies with officials.

Conclusions: Are they really the "Latin Kings / Queens" or other "nations" social movements?

Over Brotherton exposure generally defended the social movement character of these groups but it was made clear that the phenomenon is of some complexity and degree of politicization (American criminologist has also worked with groups Mexicans who did not see an undercurrent of social criticism or political). His presentation was designed to show the origins of social criticism of these groups and the identification of certain social problems they (drugs, prison, corrupt politicians etc.) also noted (when asked by an attendee about authoritarianism, sexism etc. which are of these groups) do not live in an ideal reality and we must deal with these contradictions (and noted a process of intra-organizational empowerment of the "Latin Queens" with the development of a manifest itself etc.). What can be said from the theory of social movements? Traditionally been defined as groups of individuals who have an affinity socio-political and aimed at social change with an emphasis on informal organization, spontaneous or cyclical nature and the fact that prioritize certain claims demands become in agglutinating discontent, depending on the approach used.

One of the most influential Latin American theorists was to the New Social Movements (NMS), characterized by: a) the construction of a theoretical model centered on culture b) denial of Marxism as a field theory capable of explaining collective action in contemporary society c) the emergence of a new collective subject diffuse, non-hierarchical, anti-discrimination in access to goods harmful modernity, which opposes a dunk in action Community solidarity values \u200b\u200bd) a centrality and redefining politics understood as part of life and social practices, representing a plurality of trends, ideas and values \u200b\u200be) analysis of social movements mainly from the perspective of collective action and collective identity created in the process.

thus can be designated as the focus of David Brotherton of "cultural criminology" is pretty close to the point a) and points out the shortcomings of Marxism by emphasizing attribution processes similar identity point c), also made references to the struggle for communal sense of the "Nations in New York. The themes concerning the reappropriation of the community areas in the city ("soft city"), the recovery of silenced narratives ("dangerous knowledge") or contradictions and possibilities offered by collaboration with public administrations have been widely discussed among scholars Latin American social movements, establishing linkages analytical approaches from another discipline Brotherton though .. To this end we will try to implement some parts of the scheme Antonio Rivas, who studied the mm.ss from the perspective of "framing processes" indebted to Goffman and prioritizes the cultural aspects, such politicized expressions reported by Brotherton.

Rivas divides his analysis on the "dimensions of framing" and "framing strategies." The first of these dimensions would be "to indicate a matter of public debate" (in this sense we have seen the withdrawal of the drug problems, abuse in prisons, the AIDS epidemic or Dengue etc.) Whose similar strategies would be the "allocation of slogans" or "realization in everyday experience" (Brotherton was in this sense of artistic expression used as propaganda to accomplish this function). The second dimension would be the "causal attribution" (the drug mafias, social and political injustice of colonial status of Puerto Rico, disinformation and lack of government) with similar strategies of "personalization of the responsible actors (names drug, the U.S. government etc.) and "consideration of non-legitimate agents of communication (on this point we have the statements of King Torre, founder of the Latin Kings in New York, de-legitimizing the politicians to the community) .

The third dimension would be the "framing of objectives" (back our streets / neighborhoods, independence and socialism in Puerto Rico, an area free of epidemics) with similar strategies of "concrete showing the benefits for those affected" (a neighborhood for people, greater social justice and political independence, greater prosperity and health) and "load of values \u200b\u200brelated to higher values" (like the fact cite the U.S. Constitution). The fourth and final would be the "self-legitimation of social movements" (we are the voice of youth in the community, the vanguard of the people of Puerto Rico or the benefactors of neighborhood etc.) with similar strategies to "show that is universal shared values \u200b\u200b(social justice, not discrimination, etc..) or the" recruitment of institutions and persons worthy of confidence "(in this sense, apart from government, Brotherton it working with them as an academic is one of its sources of legitimacy). So I think we can say that certain expressions of the "nations" with advanced processes of politicization can be considered social movements Brotherton said.

Alma Stateless ; ------------------------

(*) http://barcelona.indymedia.org/newswire/display/396271/index.php

[1] As to (c) you have to comment on several things: Brotherton referred to the recovery narratives "silenced" the "Nations" teach its members, in this sense, transnationalism of these groups produces a new construction of identity experienced as "national consciousness" (Brotherton gave the example of young people born in New York Puerto Rican family because that the colonial status of the island leads to build their independence outside its geographical boundaries.) Also referred to the use of the ambivalences of American national imaginary noting that "King Torre, founder of the Latin Kings in New York, wrote a manifesto against political and Afro-Latino who" sold their communities " to assert that his group wants to build a project "for the people, the people, by the people" phrase taken out of the U.S. Constitution.

[2] CAIRO, HERIBERTO, Bringel, BRENO Item 1. Theories collective action and social movements in Latin America, Social Movements and Social Policy in Latin America, Latin America Contemporary Studies (ECAL). Page 7.

[3] RIVAS, ANTONIO Marcos Analysis: A methodology for the analysis of social movements Editorial (?) Year (?) Page 209.

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a distress call by our individual trees

Centennial and majestic, and veteran trees are part of our most valuable natural and cultural heritage. However, we do not spend much effort on keeping, since 80% of them have disappeared in the last century due to various factors such as indiscriminate pruning, lack of care, pests and diseases or Wild urbanization. With the aim of turning around this situation, Foundation Felix Rodriguez de la Fuente and Unique Trees Observatory, using the International Year of Forests, has launched the 'SOS Unique Trees' for citizens to get involved in protecting the living heritage of all the English.

Holm Garai, Vizcaya.

The campaign, entitled '2011 : Eleven key proposals to save our heritage trees' , also targets at local, regional and regional. The eleven specific performance measures proposed are common sense: avoid widespread pruning, to prevent people climbing these trees, using a responsible tourist operations to preserve, prohibit the start of old trees that are changed as if they were sculptures site ... Common sense, yes, but despite this, much of our old trees continue to suffer these malpractices

Looking at local and regional elections of May 2011, the Foundation Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente and the Observatory Unique Tree has asked leaders of major political parties to include in their manifestos the protection of unique trees. Furthermore, it has provided a model of "Municipal Tree Protection Local Interest 'to all municipalities of Spain, who can guide them to legally protect natural heritage, historical, cultural and social development represented by these trees. And that's where comes in citizen participation.

"In Spain there are trees 2,000 years old, but to be singular, a tree need not be ancient. It is sufficient that especially for the people of the village, representing a legacy to have been planted in a special moment, or for giving shade for several generations. Therefore, we want the residents of each town who tell us about your tree unique, "explains Odile Rodríguez de la Fuente, director of the FFRF.

How do you do that? Very easy. Through its Facebook page, inviting everyone to 'save exceptional trees in your area in less than four minutes. " To do this, simply visit this link , and in four easy steps, you've done something important protect individual trees in your area. I encourage you to do this wonderful initiative and share with your family and friends sure that together we can save our forests grandparents.

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The photo blog is "Trees singular" , which has some beautiful photo montages of unique trees Navarre.

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Paparazzi

"If you sit on a rock like this in the woods and look around in silence to observe animals, probably will not see any. If you're lucky, maybe go see a squirrel, but in general, animals can smell you a lot before coming to you and simply go elsewhere. Then you can conclude, sitting on your rock, this is a dead forest and there are no animals here. But of course, that's not true, you just need a little help to see the animals. "

aid of the spoken by Dr. Roland Kays are called 'camera traps', devices which, tied a tree or a pole, make a picture when its sensor detects the passage of an animal by its heat or movement. These images have a special scientific value because they allow strangers to observe animal behavior and study the conservation status of some species as endangered as the panda or the snow leopard. In addition, some of them are so good that it seems incredible that photographs have been taken by an automated system.



The Smithsonian Institution has launched an online project called 'Smithsonian WILD! " , a huge gallery with more than 200,000 photos of animals caught in the act by camera traps in several locations around the world, as the Peruvian Amazon, the State of New York and Kenya. They want 'Smithsonian WILD! " become a huge global database of these photographs and ask for cooperation to all researchers who are carrying out such studies.

The aim of the project is as explained on its website , "that while you enjoy the amazing photos, learn about animals, their diverse habitats, and what is being done to conserve them." Make worthwhile bookmark this wonderful initiative, and also disseminate it, to raise a little more than the beauty of nature and the need to conserve.

Source: Public

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nature Criminalising the heroes

was only a matter of time before the Danish Public Prosecutor announced the indictment against Greenpeace activists slipped into the gala dinner of the heads of state during the Copenhagen Summit in December 2009. Juan Lopez de Uralde, Nora Christiansen, Christian Schmutz and Joris Thijssen were awaiting trial for the dramatic action which they denounced the hypocrisy and incompetence of world leaders at that summit in which both promised us in vain. They were asked to rise to the occasion with those mythical banner of "Politicians talk, leaders act," and instead are prosecuted as criminals. Heroes, not criminals, are these brave warriors of the rainbow.

Finally, the wait ended Tuesday, after more than a year of uncertainty. accuse the Danish Prosecutor Juan Lopez de Uralde and other Greenpeace activists for trespassing against Queen Margrethe II, by applying thereto an outdated legal concept known as "The Queen's Paragraph." in principle face a maximum penalty of one year in prison, although applying this aggravating, it is not used for 75 years, prosecutors might be able to order more years in prison for activists.

The disproportionate punishment and were activists in 2009, spending 21 days behind bars "preventively", there seems to be no longer satisfied the Government of Denmark, who wants, as explained Danish correspondent Martin Tonner to radiocarbon , "an exemplary sentence." To Tonner, the sentence is not so much for exposing the failure of the climate summit as "make clear security." Of course, the Danish security was in a poor position after they left go to "Greenpeace heads of state" without asking any type of accreditation. Same is that it was enough to dress well and arrive in a luxury car!

Joking aside, the announcement of the Danish Public Prosecutor has produced rapid and massive response from the English environmental movement to the attack being suffered by the former director of Greenpeace Spain and Equo figurehead of the project. The campaigns director of Greenpeace Spain, Mario Rodríguez Vargas, published a stunning article which warned that " are mistaken who think that this kind of action, utterly disproportionate, will silence the activists Greenpeace . few hours later cyberaction put up a "to make clear to the Danish authorities are not willing to allow criminalize and prosecute to those fighting climate change." The agreement can be signed cyberaction clicking here.

Alejandro Sanchez, representing Equo, argued on Wednesday in a statement that is wholly disproportionate action by the Danish justice act committed against a group of activists whose only crime was to remind Governments were not doing their job. "Ambassador Danish Spain on Thursday received a letter coordinator for Ecologists in Action, Luis González Reyes, transmitting that "with shock and sadness we drift repression that comes from Denmark." For Ecologists in Action, "something rotten in Denmark ", and asked the ambassador that his country" is able to return to a proportionate relationship between actions and consequences. " Green Coordinator also his electoral coalition Ecolo, association and organization Confluence Young Greens have given their support Uralde.

Juantxo himself has said this morning in the program 'I give you my word' Wave Radio that "I am calm because I think we did what we had to do." Juantxo, has already said on many of occasions that he regretted what he did, explained that "we will defend and vindicate what we did. We did not go for fun, we went to take a message and I think that millions of people felt represented in that action. "

Among those millions of people these days are those that have sent hundreds of messages of support from social networking including many requests to start demonstrations outside the Embassy of Denmark in Madrid, I do not think it will take a long time. It has also created a facebook group on the initiative of a group of young supporters called EQUO 'Juantxo is innocent, who did not act against climate change NO' . The latest publication in the wall reads:

"The commitment and peaceful struggle for a better world.

Where is criminalized?

If that is a crime to build a very large jail because we are much @ sl @ s that are committing crimes. "

I am also committing crimes with this entry. Mood Juantxo, we're with you!

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African American

Mexico / Europe, century XIX, Juárez : Emperor Maximilian (Brian Aherne) arrives in Mexico to establish an imperial government and oppose the first hidden and then open, Benito Juárez (Paul Muni). Maximiliano is an idealist who has been a victim of the cunning of Napoleon III (Claude Rains). The emperor really believes in the advantages of the monarchical system, while Juarez fight passionately for the republic. When France withdrew its support, the Empress Carlota (Bette Davis) travels to implore his aid to Napoleon III. Director: William Dieterle. Cast: Paul Muni, Bette Davis, Brian Aherne, Claude Rains, John Garfield, Donald Crisp, Joseph Calleia, Gale Sondergaard, Gilbert Roland, Henry O'Neill, Harry Davenport, Louis Calhern, Walter Kingsford, Georgia Caine, Montagu Love, John Miljan. Genre: drama / biographical. Nineteenth century. Year: 1939. Country: United States. Length: 132 min.

American Conquest XVI century; Cabeza de Vaca : in 1527, during the early years of the English conquest, Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca, treasurer of Charles I of Spain, he embarks on Panfilo de Narvaez expedition to Florida. The expedition shipwrecked on the coast of Louisiana. Alvar is taken prisoner and turned slave. After suffering all kinds of humiliations is released. Reunites with four companions and together they undertake a four-year journey that will culminate in what is now the territory of Sinaloa. Director: Nicolás Echevarría. Starring: Juan Diego, Daniel Gimenez Cacho, Roberto Sosa, Carlos Castanon, Gerardo Villarreal, Roberto Cobo, Jose Flores. Country: Mexico. Genre: action / adventure. Year: 1991. Length: 112 min.

Venezuela, late eighteenth and early nineteenth Boves Taita : film adaptation of the novel "Boves, The Grouse" by Francisco Herrera Luque, who portrays the enigmatic character in the history of Venezuela José Tomás Boves (1782-1814), a soldier born in Oviedo, Spain, who participated in the War of Independence of Venezuela during the Second Republic in the early nineteenth century. Director: Luis Alberto Lamata. Starring: Juvel Vielma, Daniela Alvarado, Gledys Ibarra, Luis Abreu, Alberto Alifa, Marcos Moreno, Antonio Delli, Héctor Manrique, Antonio Cuevas, Wilfredo Cisneros, Dimas González, Pedro Durán, Daniel Rodriguez, Veronica Osorio, Carmen Julia Alvarez, Lourdes Valera . Country: Venezuela. Genre: Action / biographical. Year: 2010. Length: 100 min.

Colonialism sixteenth century The Other Conquest: tells the English conquest of Mexico (1521) from the Aztec perspective, and shows the struggle of Topiltzin, a son of Emperor Moctezuma, to preserve the religious identity and culture of his people before the English arrived. Director: Salvador Carrasco. Starring: Damián Delgado, José Carlos Rodríguez, Elpidia Carrillo, Iñaki Aierra, Honorato Magaloni, Zaide Silvia Gutierrez, Carlos Alvarez, Luisa Avila, Ramon Barragan, Alejandro Bracho, Diana Bracho, Josefina Echánove, Rufino Echegoyen, Guillermo Rios, Lourdes Villarreal, Maya Zapata. Gender: drama.Conquista of America. Country: Mexico. Year: 1998. Length: 115 min.

colonial America; The Last Supper: eighteenth-century Cuban aristocracy itself was conceived as a patrician, ringed by exercising "a benevolent slavery, apparently less cruel that of other nearby countries. A count was taken too seriously and replaced that Christ preached to "humble himself before his servants" in a Holy Week that brought some headaches and became the flagship of the assumptions and documentary apostles, chosen from the provision of sugarcane plantation. Director: Tomas Gutierrez Alea. Starring: Nelson Villagra, Silvano Rey, Luis Alberto García, José Antonio Rodriguez, Samuel Claxton, Mario Balmaseda, Mirta Ibarra. Country: Cuba. Genre: drama. Year: 1976. Duration: 120 minutes
America, eighteenth and nineteenth Miranda Returns: are detailed the intense life of political revolutionary Francisco de Miranda was from his childhood and out of Venezuela with just twenty years and his walk across Europe, Africa , Cuba, Jamaica, USA, Haiti .. and his return to Venezuela to devote himself to what was his lifelong desire: the struggle for American independence. Participant active and prominent in his time, Miranda was a soldier who shone in the English army in which reached the rank of colonel. Also reached high positions in the U.S. independence army and the French army, where his involvement in defending the territorial integrity of revolutionary France was notorious. Not understood by those shared ideals with him and continually harassed by his enemies, Miranda died in the Ratchet, notorious prison of Cadiz in 1816 at age 66. Director: Luis Alberto Lamata. Cast: Jorge Reyes, Luis Abreu, Mimi Lazo, Alberto Alifa, Fabiola Colmenares, Luis Geronimo Abreu, Carlos Mata, César Román Hector Palma, Yanis Chimaras, Danny Glover Country: Venezuela. Year: 2007. Genre: drama / biographical. Length: 149 min.

America, XV century, 1492. Conquest of Paradise (1492: Conquest Of Paradise) : splendid epic that narrates the expedition and discovery of America by Christopher Columbus, and the beginnings of the conquest and colonization. Cast: Gérard Depardieu, Armand Assante, Sigourney Weaver, Loren Dean, Ángela Molina, Fernando Rey, Frank Langella, Kevin Dunn, Arnold Vosloo. Director: Ridley Scott. Countries: Spain, France, United Kingdom. Year: 1992. Genre: historical. Appropriate audience: youth. Length: 155 min.

America, Sixteenth Century: Aguirre, the Wrath of God (Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes) : during an expedition through the jungles of Peru, in 1965, Pizarro sent a group of men to seek the fabled city of El Dorado. At the head of the mission are three nobles, one of which is Lope de Aguirre. Director: Werner Herzog. Screenplay: Werner Herzog. Actors: Klaus Kinski, Alejandro Repullo, Cecilia Rivera, Helena Rojo. Year: 1972. Genre: adventure / drama. Nationality: Germany / Peru / Mexico. Not recommended for children under 18. Duration: 91 minutes.

America seventeenth century; The New World (Golden Door) : Sicily, early twentieth century. A peasant family living in a desolate corner of the island. For generations have farmed the land, satisfied with their lot, surrounded by the spirits of their dead. But the eternal monotony of everyday life is shattered by what is told the new world and about the abundance of this paradise. There are even photographs of potatoes as big as a car, carrots as long as a canoe, where they grow trees gold coins, as proof that all this is true. The send relatives have left and now work happily in the Promised Land. Salvatore makes a momentous decision: sell all you have, land, house, cattle, to take his elderly mother and her children across the sea. To become citizens of the new world, must die a little and be reborn. Should forget the old customs and superstitions of the land which has given birth must be strong mentally and physically, must learn to obey and swear loyalty to their new country if they want to cross the threshold of the Golden Gate. Beings must become modern. To achieve this, have a time between two epochs, the four difficult weeks of the journey before reaching the ultimate test: the "Island of Tears." Here, the guardians of the new world will consider, case by case, inch by inch. Shall count the bodies and minds of potential citizens in this wonderful and terrible place where many families will be forced to choose, to take leave. Not all are destined to cross the gates of paradise. Cast: Aurora Quattrocchi, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Vincenzo Amato, Francesco Casillo, Filippo Pucillo, Vincent Schiavelli. Director: Emanuele Crialese. Year: 2007. Countries: France, Italy, Germany. Genre: Drama. Duration: 2 hours.

America eighteenth century Last Mohicans (The Last of the Mohicans) : Director: Michael Mann. Cast: Russell Means, Mark J. Maracle, William J. Bozic Jr., Maurice Roever, David Mark Farrow, Don Tilley, Mike Phillips, Joe Finnegan, Sebastian Roche, Jared Harris. Year: 1992. Genre: adventure. Duration: 2 horas15 minutes. Hawkeye, a white man adopted by the Mohicans who lives with his father Chingachgook and Uncas his brother, is immersed in an ambush that saved from certain death to Cora Munro, daughter of an English colonel who falls in love.

America eighteenth century The Mission (The Mission) : large colonial empires, Spain and Portugal, are vying for control of South America. Father Gabriel (Jeremy Irons) leads a mission high in the mountains of Brazil, where the natives are evangelized and lead a peaceful life. Until there comes Mendoza (Robert De Niro), a merchant repentant, seeking redemption, fascinated by the work of Father Gabriel, became a priest. The pressure carried out by Portugal obliges the Church to give the land where cheese has the mission. Father Gabriel and Mendoza, albeit for very different ways, will do their utmost to defend the work and avoid being enslaved natives. Palme d'Or for best film at the Festival Cannes International. Oscar for best picture. Director: Roland Joffe. Starring: Antonio Segovia, Monirak Sisowath, Philip Bosco, Maria Teresa Ripoli, Cherie Lunghi, Robert De Niro, Joe Daly, Enrique Lamas, Silvestre Chiripua, Ray McAnally. Year: 1986. Genre: Drama Duration: 2 hours 5 minutes.

America, nineteenth century Queimada : the British government sent William Walker, secret agent and adventurer, to the island of Queimada. Its mission is to destroy the monopoly of the sugar trade in those days controlled by the Portuguese. In plantations, the work was played by black slaves. Cast: Cecily Browne Laird, Carlo Palmucci, Enrico Cesaretti, Thomas Lyons, Evaristo Marquez, Alvaro Medrano, Giampiero Albertini, Dana Ghia, Marlon Brando, Maurice Rodriguez. Director: Gillo Pontecorvo. Year: 1969. Genre: drama. Duration: 1 hour 47 minutes.

America XV III century a. C.; Apocalypto: co-written by Gibson with Farhad Safinia, the film mixes action and adventure in a story based on the turbulent last days of the Mayan civilization. When her existence is brutally disrupted by a violent invasion, a man is dragged on a journey into a world dominated by fear and oppression. Through a twist of fate and spurred by the love of his wife and family, this man made it impossible to return to their home and eventually save his life. Director: Mel Gibson. Starring: Mayra Serbulo, Gerardo Taracena, Raoul Trujillo, Rudy Youngblood. Year: 2007. Genre: Action. Country: United States

Peru, twenty-first century; Sight: a TV channel showed a video in which Vladimiro Montesinos, head of the Intelligence Service and adviser to President Alberto Fujimori, bought the "service" an opposition congressman. Director: Francisco J. Lombardi. Cast: Gianfranco Brero. Country: Peru and Spain. Year: 2003. Duration: 149 minutes.

Peru, XVII century; The Bridge of San Luis Rey : when the bridge of San Luis is broken, precipitated five travelers into the abyss. Is it chance or the hand of God that brought these five people in that place at that fateful moment? Or, on the contrary, were themselves responsible for what happened? These questions are asked with sincere compassion and are answered with a direct statement of the power of love. Set in eighteenth-century Peru, in full English Inquisition, this story of intertwined lives through such diverse worlds as theaters, convents, brothels and docks of Lima or at sea voyages, scientific institutions and the courts of Madrid. Director: Mary McGuckian. Country: United Kingdom, Spain and France. Starring: F. Murray Abraham. Year: 2004.

Uruguay, twentieth century Pueblo chico : is the name of the movie that motivated this review. And all the introduction we can confirm that, once again, the coast and sea stories act as triggers. The plot features a lone village, which is ruled for three decades by the same man. The president has a young girlfriend, named Mary, who works in the local mail. The third leg of this plot is Toni, a sailor who came there with a mission to develop status reports on the area. The three men live in quiet till it appeared a group of foreign investors interested in doing business with the people and bring progress to the place. When the mayor (mayor) is opposed to the project from the Capital cut shipping supplies and radio communications. The people must stand alone and without supplies, in a desperate attempt not to give his identity. Director: Fernán Rudnik. Starring: Lorenzo Quinteros. Country: Argentina. Genre: Drama. Year: 2002. Duration: 62 minutes.

Venezuela, twentieth century The Caracazo : Guarenas all starts in a Monday morning when protesters showed their disagreement with the increase in prices in the bus line and then start the riot, which gradually extend various states of Venezuela: Caracas, Miranda, Valencia, Mérida, Bolívar, Vargas and other states. However, looting, death and violence were more severe in Caracas (hence the name of the Caracazo). The riots were felt in the poorest parts of Caracas, Catia, Casalta, and neighborhoods near the city: the destruction and burning of trucks, looting across Caracas, and riots that killed civilians. Guarantees were suspended and had to have a pass from some time, risking death if not owned. The curfew began at 6 pm, at that time the shooting began and pellet guns and the cries of the people is heard everywhere. After 6 days of slaughter was decided to withdraw the military, the Metropolitan Police (PM) and the National Guard (GN) and ordered to lift the curfew. The following week (on Monday after a week of disaster) guarantees were suspended, but abolished the curfew, so they returned to normal work. The film ends when some soldiers are responsible for human rights violations on February 27, 1989. Starring: Fernando Carrillo, Yanis Chimaras, Henry Galué, Pedro Lander. Address: Roman Chalbaud. Country: Venezuela. Year: 2005. Genre: Historical. Duration: 110 minutes.

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Movies online:

♦ Cabeza de Vaca - Cinetube

♦ Apocalyptico - Cinetube

♦ Francisco Miranda - Free Movies whole

♦ Taita Boves - Free Movies whole

♦ 1492: Conquest of Paradise - Cinetube

♦ Mohicans - Cinetube

♦ The Mission - Cinetube

♦ The Bridge of San Luis Rey - Cinetube

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historical texts:

♦ Kinto Lucas - Rebellions: black and American Indian Latina.pdf

♦ Christopher Columbus - Epistolario

♦ Simon Wiesenthal - Operation New World (The Secret Mission of Christopher Columbus)

♦ Tzvetan Teodorov - The conquest of America. The problem of the other

♦ Luis Vitale - comparative social history of peoples of Latin America. Volume I: Indigenous peoples and Cologne

♦ Luis Vitale - comparative social history of the peoples of Latin America. Volume II: Independence and Social Formation Republican. Nineteenth century

♦ Luis Vitale - comparative social history of the peoples of Latin America. Volume III

♦ Hugo Barbagelata - Artigas and the American Revolution

♦ W. Reyes Abadie, O. Bruschera, T. Melogno - Artigas: its significance in the Revolution in Latin American institutional process

♦ Donghi Tulio Halperin - Contemporary History of Latin America

♦ Eduardo Galeano - Open Veins of Latin America

♦ Eduardo Galeano - The sins of Haiti

♦ Petras, James - social and political classes in Latin America [CRI, n º 22-24, 1968-1969]

♦ Tom D. Dillehay and Patricia Netherly - The Inca state border ♦

Susan Gillespie - The Aztec kings: The construction of the Mexican government in history

♦ Manuel Ugarte - The Latin American nation

♦ Varela-Cid , Eduardo - Mexico, institutionalized cynicism

♦ The Latin American bourgeois interior in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Natalia López Rico, 2010-Thesis-

♦ atypical in Latin American literature - Noah Jitrik